Showing posts with label belleza. Show all posts
Showing posts with label belleza. Show all posts

Tuesday, 15 March 2011

La belleza no es lo que era (J. Fernandez Vega)

Publicado en antrposmoderno.com el 2005-04-05; citado en colaboratorioarte.com

El gesto vanguardista de Marcel Duchamp, al exponer un mingitorio como obra de arte, asestó un golpe mortal al anhelo de belleza que la humanidad creía implícito en toda expresión artística. Desacreditada, ridiculizada como ideal burgués o decadente, la belleza se tomó venganza invadiéndolo todo: la moda, la publicidad, el diseño y cada rincón de la vida cotidiana. Como dice Umberto Eco en su reciente “Historia de la belleza”, nuestra época se rindió “a la orgía de la tolerancia, al imparable politeísmo de la belleza”. ¿Es posible aún hallar un criterio sobre qué es lo bello y lo feo en el arte?

Una historia de la belleza se puede transformar con mucha facilidad en una historia del mundo, sin que ello implique, por supuesto, que ni ese mundo ni esa historia hayan sido especialmente bellos. Más bien significa que a lo largo de épocas, y de muy distinta manera en cada una, la belleza ha sido un propósito persistente y un anhelo profundo. Desde la decoración del hogar, del palacio o del templo hasta el encuentro amoroso entre las personas pasando por el éxtasis ante las maravillas de la naturaleza estuvieron gobernados por un deseo de belleza. Sin olvidar por cierto lo que hoy llamaríamos formas estéticas, las cuales contribuyeron a definir la identidad de cada momento del pasado humano.

Pero en la actualidad la idea de belleza parece haber perdido el venerable, indiscutido arraigo del que gozó durante la mayor parte de la historia. Las vanguardias artísticas del siglo XX pusieron en crisis su vigencia, su carácter homogéneo y reconocible, incluso dejaron de aspirar a ella. La marginaron y la ridiculizaron. Pocas nociones se hallan tan asociadas a nuestra idea convencional del arte como la de belleza; pocas, sin embargo, se encuentran tan a menudo alejadas de nuestra experiencia habitual del arte contemporáneo. ¿Cómo se llegó a este agudo contraste?

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Wednesday, 8 September 2010

The true, the good and the beautiful (R. Scruton)

"There is an appealing idea about beauty which goes back to Plato and Plotinus, and which became incorporated by various routes into Christian Theological Thinking. According to this idea beauty is an ultimate value - something that we pursue for its own sake, and for the pursuit of which no further reason need to be given. Beauty should therefore be compared to truth and goodness, one member of a trio of ultimate values which justify our rational inclinations. Why believe p? Because it is true. Why want x? Because it is good. Why look at y? Because it is beautiful. In some was, philosophers have argued, those answers are on a par: each brings a state of mind into the ambit of reason, by connecting it to something that it is in our nature, as rational beings, to pursue. Someone who asked 'why believe what is true?' or 'why want what is good?' has failed to understand the nature of reasoning. He doesn't see that, if we are to justify our beliefs and desires at all, then our reasons must be anchored in the true and the good.

Does the same go for beauty? If someone asks me 'why are you interested in x?' is 'because it is beautiful' a final answer - one that is immune to counter-argument, like the answers 'because it is good', and 'because it is true'? To say as much is to overlook the subversive nature of beauty. Someone charmed by a myth mat be tempted to believe it: and in this case beauty is the enemy of truth. (Cf. Pindar: 'Beauty, which gives the myths acceptance, renders the incredible credible',First Olympian Ode.) A man attracted to a woman may be tempted to condone her vices: and in this case beauty is the enemy of goodness (Cf. L'Abbé Prévost, Manon Lescaut, which describes the moral ruin of the Chevalier des Grieux by the beautiful Manon.) Goodness and truth never compete, and the pursuit of the one is always compatible with a proper respect for the other. The pursuit of beauty, however, is far more questionable [...].

The status of beauty as an ultimate values is questionable, in the way that the status of truth and goodness are not. Let us at least say that this particular path to the understanding of beauty is not easily available to a modern thinker. The confidence with which philosophers once trod it is due to an assumption, made explicit already in the Enneads of Plotinus, that truth, beauty and goodness are attributes of the deity, ways in which the divine unity makes itself known to the human soul. That theological vision was edited for Christian use by St Thomas Aquinas, and embedded in the subtle and comprehensive reasoning for which that philosopher is justly famous. But it is not a vision that we can assume, and I propose for the time being to set it to one side, considering the concept of beauty without making any theological claims."

Scruton, Roger. Beauty. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009 (pp2-4).
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